A State-of-the-Art Review on the Alternatives to Animal Testing for the Safety Assessment of Cosmetics

Almost a decade after the stipulated deadline in 7th amendment to EU Cosmetics Directive, which bans marketing of animal-tested cosmetics from 2013, animal experimentation for cosmetic-related purposes remains topic animated debate. Cosmetic industry continues be scrutinised practice, despite its leading role funding and adopting innovation this field. This paper aims provide state-of-the-art review field on alternative testing methods, also known as New Approach Methodologies (NAMs), with focus assessing safety cosmetic ingredients products. It starts drivers global regulatory responses, followed by an extensive, endpoint-specific overview accepted/prospective NAMs. The covers main developments acute toxicity, skin corrosion/irritation, serious eye damage/irritation, sensitisation, repeated dose reproductive toxicity/endocrine disruption, mutagenicity/genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, photo-induced toxicokinetics. Specific attention was paid emerging silico methodology. provides brief studies public perception cosmetics. concludes view that educating consumers inviting them take part advocacy could effective tool achieve policy changes, acceptance, investment innovation.